Coke oven



com:V OVEN Filed June 1s, 192s 2 sheets-sheet v1 fy/ i@ z l n n v e Y Patented Aug. 18, 1931 ,UNITED STATES PATENT; OFFICE CARL WESSEL, 0F BORBECK, NEAR ESSEN-ON-THE-RUHR, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR T0 THE FIRM: CARL STILL, OF BECKLINGHAUSEN, WESTPHALIA, GERMANY conn OVEN Application illed .Tune 16, 1926, Serial No. 116,359, and in Germany June 16, 1925.

My invention relates to externally heated coke ovens, especially coke ovens of the chamber type, 1n which the volatile vproducts of distillation are withdrawn through the base of the chamber.

The main object of Inv invention is to obviate injurious effects o the high temperatures prevailing in the base portlons of the coking chambers both on the volatile products and on the passages and apparatus leading said volatile products through the said base portions.

According to the invention an exhaust pas.-v

sage for the withdrawal of these gaseous products is constructed within the brick work at the base o the chamber and is insulated from the surrounding walls by an air or gas space acting as an insulating or even cooling means or by solid insulation materials.

The passage can consequently expand and contract independently of the brickwork and any decomposition of the gases and vapours traversing the assage due to direct contact with heated) walls .is avoided.

In one form yof construction, the passage is formed as a tube extending along the whole length of the coke oven chambers, slotsl at the top of the tube being provided which register with similar openings preferably arranged in the centre of the base of each oven.

, In a modified construction, the whole sur` face of the base is utilized for the withdrawal of the volatile products of distillation and the exhaust passage for these products is formed by a box-shaped trough made of metal or ceramic materials open above f; and closed below. A sieve plate supported `:on bearing bars resting on the exhaust `trough is provided with openings allowing the passage of the volatile products, but

retaining the solid particles. Cooling me` diums can be introduced into hollow spaces provided in the trough.

In the accompanying drawings which rep? resent two examples'of coke ovens provided with exhaust passages according to the invention l Fig. 1 is a vertical cross section and Fig.

2 a yvertical longitudinal section of a coke oven chamber, this example constituting one embodiment of my invention.

Figs. 3 and 4 respectively are avertical.

of the rickwork. This space c acts as a` heat insulating means and can conveniently be replaced by any solid insulating material. Slots d in the central portion of the upper part of the tube vb register with openings e in the centre of the base f of the oven chambers.

The openings e in the base f of the cham# ber can be covered with-sieve plates or the like in order 'to lessen any discharge of small particles of coal or coal dust. An coal or coke particles which pass througl'l the openings allotted to the passage b can be easily removedfrom time to time, `for `example by blowing througha jet ofv steam. In order to prevent any volatile condensates from the distillation products finding theirv way into the openings e and the passage b, and forming w1th the particles of coal which have entered the passage an incrustation which mightchokerthe passage, the vbase f is preferably raised in the centre andslopes downwards on each side as shown in Fig. 1. The condensates which eventually arise then flow laterally to the hot walls of the oven and are evaporated on the base of the oven and cool the latter to the required extent. The. described invention can not only be used with new ovens but can also be applied to existing ovens, which are to be converted to withdrawthe gaseous products of distillation through the base of the chamber. In this case, a special and separate body of new brickwork can be erected on 'the existing former base of the chamber, which brickwork surrounds the tube b, so that a new base fis formed at a slight distance above the old base. The slight drawback due to the reduction in the effective height of the chamber is l fully `compensated by --thel acl--v vantages gained with the new apparatus and Fig; 1.

he arrangement according to the invention has the important advantage that the 'gases are withdrawn through the base of the chamber in the quickest and shortest path into a space, namely the tube b, which is well protected against any injurious heating by the brickwork. The advantages which are Aconnected with the withdrawal of the gases downwards through the base of the chamber and which consist in fully protecting these distillation products against decomposition by heat have really been ensured for the 'first time by the apparatus of this invention. At the same time this heat insulation of the tube b imparts an increased durability and allows the apparatus to be made of material which need not be refractory. The form and method of construction of the device are very simple and therefore very cheap. v

In the vmodified construction shown in Figs. 3, 4 and'5, one feature is that the whole surface of the base is utilized to withdraw the volatile products of distillation.

In Fig. 3 the cross section of the coal charge lying inside the coking chamber and under omg carbonization has been shown too. In this representation there has been supposed that use has been made of a kind of cokin coal and of operation in which during t e carbonization process two layers r of partially coked coal running parallel to the two side heating walls are formed and advance gradually to the centre which are nearly gas tight. On the inside between these two layers r lies raw unconverted coal g, of a loose structure and a moderate temperature; on the two outsides exists linished coke 'p of a very dense structure and of a'high tem erature.

In the modi ed embodiment being in consideration the exhaust passage consists essentially in` a box-like lower portion i open 'above and sieve plates h lying loosely thereon. The box i which is independent of the brickwork can be made of metal, forexample'cast iron, or any other suitable material i of ceramic nature, and consists, in the example shown, of two hollow members u which abut in the centre of their length and are connected by a strip 1d continuous over the whole length of the chamber. In the longitudinal direction, the box 11 is subdivided into several short abuttin pieces which are held together by longitu 'nal bolts l. The open upper 'surface of the box z' is bridged by a number of cross bearers m placed at suitable intervals. An upri ht rim extending over the whole length o the chamber is formed b projections n arranged between the cross arers fm. and extending on top of the longitudinal sides of the box i, the upper surfaces of said rim being {iush with the upper surfaces of the bearers m. These bearers m and projections n are covered with the several loosely attached sieve plates h which are arranged adjacent to one another and form a continuous base -provided with numerous openings for the withdrawal of the gases.

The hollow spaces o in the box which Amay extend over the whole or only part of the length of the chamber, serve to conduct a, preferably gaseous, cooling agent such as steam or air or waste furnace gases. This cooling medium effects an immediate coolin of the distillation products iiowing into an through the passage from the relatively dense layers of hot coke p at a high temperature near the walls of the oven. At the same time the hollow spaces o traversed or filled by gaseous medium insulate the exhaust gases from the action of the highly heated brickwork which lies laterallyv and below the passage. The hollow spaces o can obviously be replaced or supplemented by other forms of heat insulating devices.

The distillation products are withdrawn from the whole surface of the base, so that the gases and vapours can stream both from the central part of the chamber containing loose unreduced coal g at a lowtemperature and from the hot coke p which is separated from g as has been explained above by nearly gas-tight layers 'r of partially formed coke impregnated with particles of thick tar.`

Thel gaseous medium flowing in the spaces o both cools and insulates lthe volatile products in the vpassage i and protects more especially the cool gases and vapours streaming fromjthe cool unconverted coal g, which contain the valuable tar constituents, against any objectionable overheatingI due to mixingin the vpassage with the hot gases from the outer hot coke layers p. If steam is used as the cooling medium in o, the steam which becomes superheated can be led entirely or partially into the coke oven chamber above` and thereby considerably increases the yield by its weight tends to flow downwards. In

the coked portion p lying outside the coking layers 1', mainly permanent gases are liberated, more particularly hydrogen and ammonia. These latter gases are very hot, thereby specifically light, and tend consequently to flow upwards.

If, in case of using a coal and a coking operation as supposed, all the products are drawn off at the centre of the base, only-the gases and vapours developed in the inner space containing unconverted coal can freely ow downwards, -owing to the'practicallyv complete closure made by the nearly dense layers r. On the other hand, the gasesdeveloped in' the coke portions p, and among them the ammonia, must take an irregularv path, in the first place by rising at the' hot side walls and passing to the free upper surface of the charge below the ceiling of the oven and thence through the loose coal g," in this case decomposition and a reduced output both of the` valuable ammonia and also of the hydrocarbon vapours developed in g unavoidably occur when these volatile products meet the hot gases from the highly heated coke p. The same diiiiculties naturally occur in such cases if the l exhaust is only at the outside portions of the base of the chamber, i. e., near the side walls,

since the cool gases and vapours of the unconverted coal g are then driven to the outer space containing the hot coke p. If, however, the whole surface of the base i'sutilized for withdrawing the products of distillation, the difficulties above mentioned are entirely obviated. In this way an easy downward flow is provided both for the gases formed in g-and also for those formed in p. In order to ensure this condition, it is only necessary to maintain in the assage z' a pressure less than the amount o each of the different pressures present at the base of the chamber in the .inner space g and the outer space p.

The' holes or slots in the sieve plates 7L are not, as might have been expected, choked up to any important extent. This is, apparently, due to the observed fact that in general no liquid or viscous condensates (tar or the like) reach the sievel plates and, therefore, do not ooze through these holes into the passage f. By the division of the apparatus into a lower box and separate sieve plates, loosely laid thereon, the unavoidable expansion due to heat is efficiently allowed for.

` The loosely laid cross bearers m permit the use of sieve plates of relatively weak and light construction which can be easily replaced when Worn aty small cost and during the working operation.

What I claim -is l. In a coke oven, means forming a cokmg chamber, means for leading ofl:1 gaseous l distillation products from the coking chamber comprising a conduit arranged within the first named means but independent thereof and below the coking chamber, means forming a container for insulating media arranged to protect the products ink the conduit from the heat of the oven, and

means establishing a communication be- Ito provide communication between the coking chamber and said conduit over the whole base area of the eoking chamber, and insulation protecting said conduit from the heat of the oven.

3. In a coke oven, means for leading olf gaseous distillation products from the coking chamber thereof comprising a conduit arranged within but independent of the oven and supported upon the existing base of the coking chamber, a surbase provided with a plurality of openings for connecting the conduit with the oven chamber, and -means for protecting the products of distillation in the conduit from the heat of the oven.

' 4.' In a coke oven, means for leading oil' gaseous distillation products from the cokthe coking chamber, and means for protecting the products of distillation in said box-like body from the heat of the oven;

5. In a coke oven, means for leading oif gaseous distillation products from the coking chamber thereof comprising a conduit arranged within but independent of the oven and supported upon the .existing base of the coking chamber, a surbase provided with a plurality of openings for connecting the conduit with the oven chamber, and means forming a container for insulating media arranged to protect the products in the conduit from the heat of the oven.

6. In a coke oven, means for leading o gaseous distillation iroducts from the cokmg chamber thereo comprising a box-like body supported upon the existing base of the oven chamber and carrying bearer bars, sieve plates supported upon said bearer bars and ormin a surbase and providing means for connecting the box-like body with the oven chamber, and means forming a con-- tainer for insulating media. arran ed to protect the products in said box-like ody from the heat of the oven.

In testimony whereof I aiix my si nature.

CARL WE SEL. 

